Additional Links & Resources listed by the NY Department of Health
Temperature of In-filled Synthetic Turf Athletic Fields
- Adamson, C, Feature Research: Synthetic Turf Playing Fields Present Unique Dangers; University of Missouri, Columbia, College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, http://cafnr.missouri.edu/research/turfgrass.php
- McNitt S., Petrunak D., Evaluation of Playing Surface Characteristics of Various In-filled Systems; Penn State Department of Crop and Soil Sciences; http://cropsoil.psu.edu/mcnitt/infill.cfm
- Williams F.C., Pulley G.E.; Synthetic Surface Heat Studies; Brigham Young University; http://cahe.nmsu.edu/programs/turf/documents/brigham-young-study.pdf
Injuries
- Ekstrand J., Timpka T, Hagglund M. Risk of injury in elite football played on artificial turf versus natural grass: a prospective two-cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 40:975-980, 2006.
- Fuller C W, Dick R W, Corlette J, Schmalz R; Comparison of the Incidence, Nature and Cause of Injuries Sustained on Grass and New Generation Artificial Turf by Male and Female Football Players. Part 1: Match Injuries; British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41 (Supplement 1): 20-26; 2007.
- Fuller C W, Dick R W, Corlette J, Schmalz R; Comparison of the Incidence, Nature and Cause of Injuries Sustained on Grass and New Generation Artificial Turf by Male and Female Football Players. Part 2: Training Injuries; British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(Supplement 1): 27-32; 2007.
- Henderson, J.J., Rogers J.N., Crum J.R.; Athletic Field Systems Study 2000 – 2003: An evaluation and Comparison of Naturally and Artificially Enhanced Athletic Field Sand Textured Root Zones – Final Report, Michigan State University, December 2003.
- Mayr J.; Parameters Correlating to Injury Severity Score in Playground-Related Fall Accidents, International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 3:147-152, 1996.
- Meyers M, Barnhill B S; Incidence, Causes, and Severity of High School Football Injuries in FieldTurf Versus Natural Grass; The American Journal of Sports Medicine; 32: 1626-1638; 2004.
- Naunheim R, McGurren M, Standeven J, Fucetola R, Lautyssen C, Deibert E; Does the use of Artificial Turf Contribute to Head Injuries?; Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care; 53: 691-694; 2002.
- Naunheim R, Parrott H, Standeven J; A Comparison of Artificial Turf; Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care; 57: 1311-1314; 2004.
- Steffen K, Einar T E, Bahr R; Risk of Injury on Artificial Turf and Natural Grass in Young Female Football Players; British Journal of Sports Medicine; 41: 33-37; 2007.
Infection Risk
- Archibald L, Shapiro J, Pass A. 2008. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a College Football Team: Risk Factors Outside the Locker Room and Playing Field. Infect Contr Hosp Epid. 29:450-453.
- Begier E, Frenette K, Barrett N, et al. 2004. A High-Morbidity Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Players on a College Football Team, Facilitated by Cosmetic Body Shaving and Turf Burns. Clin Infect Dis. 39:1446-53.
- Kazakova S, Hageman J, Matava M, et al. 2005. A Clone of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Professional Football Players. The New Engl J of Med. 352:468-75.
- McNitt S., Petrunak D.; Evaluation of Playing Surface Characteristics of Various In-Filled Systems; Penn State Department of Crop and Soil Sciences; http://cropsoil.psu.edu/mcnitt/infill.cfm
- New York State Department of Health, Health Advisory: Prevention Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections In The School Setting, October 25, 2007.
- Nguyen D, Mascola L, Bancroft E. 2005. Recurring Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusInfections in a Football Team. Emerg Infect Dis. 11: 526- 532.
- Romano R, Doanh L, Holtom P. 2006. Outbreak of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections Among a Collegiate Football Team. J Athlet Train. 41:141-145.
- Stacey A, Endersby K, Chan P, Marples R. 1998. An outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a rugby football team. Br J Sports Med. 32:153-154.
Latex Allergy
- California Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. Evaluation of Health Effects of Recycled Waste Tires in Playground and Track Products. Sacramento, CA: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
- Miguel A G, Cass G R, Weiss J, Glovsky M M; Latex Allergens in Tire Dust and Airborne Particles; Environmental Health Perspectives; 104: 1180-1186; 1996.
- New York State Department of Health, Latex Allergy Fact Sheet, http://www.nyhealth.gov/publications/1454.pdf
Chemical Exposures
- California Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. Evaluation of Health Effects of Recycled Waste Tires in Playground and Track Products. Sacramento, CA: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
- French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks, Environmental and Health Evaluation of the use of Elastomer Granulates (Virgin and From Used Tyres) as Filling in Third-Generation Artificial Turf, 2007.
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Radium Hospital. 2006. Artificial Turf Pitches – An assessment of the Health Risks for Football Players. Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Building Research Institute (NBI). 2004. Potential Health and Environmental Effects Linked to Artificial Turf Systems – Final Report. Project N/Archive N O-10820. Oslo, Norway.
Other Considerations
- Athletic Turf News, http://www.athleticturf.net/athleticturf
- Morrison L., Natural and Synthetic Turf: A Comparative Analysis, San Francisco Department of Recreation and Parks, December 2005.
Also see:
- Overview
- What Is Synthetic Turf?
- What Do Athletes Think?
- Health & Safety Concerns
- Turf Burns – First Aid & Treatment
- Antibiotic-Resistant Infections – MRSA
- Environmental Pros & Cons
- Maintenance
- Cost – Natural Turf v. Synthetic
- Play It Safe – Recommendations for Athletes, Parents, & Institutions
- Sources & Links for More Information
- Open Letter to Anyone Considering Synthetic Turf
These pages on Synthetic Turf are based on research and analysis completed in May 2015 by Kendall Garden [Lehigh ’16] and Peter Crownfield. Contact us by email